The Influence of Declining Air Lead Levels on Blood Lead–Air Lead Slope Factors in Children
نویسندگان
چکیده
BACKGROUND It is difficult to discern the proportion of blood lead (PbB) attributable to ambient air lead (PbA), given the multitude of lead (Pb) sources and pathways of exposure. The PbB-PbA relationship has previously been evaluated across populations. This relationship was a central consideration in the 2008 review of the Pb national ambient air quality standards. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationship between PbB and PbA concentrations among children nationwide for recent years and to compare the relationship with those obtained from other studies in the literature. METHODS We merged participant-level data for PbB from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988-1994) and NHANES 9908 (1999-2008) with PbA data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We applied mixed-effects models, and we computed slope factor, d[PbB]/d[PbA] or the change in PbB per unit change in PbA, from the model results to assess the relationship between PbB and PbA. RESULTS Comparing the NHANES regression results with those from the literature shows that slope factor increased with decreasing PbA among children 0-11 years of age. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a larger relative public health benefit may be derived among children from decreases in PbA at low PbA exposures. Simultaneous declines in Pb from other sources, changes in PbA sampling uncertainties over time largely related to changes in the size distribution of Pb-bearing particulate matter, and limitations regarding sampling size and exposure error may contribute to the variability in slope factor observed across peer-reviewed studies.
منابع مشابه
Supplemental Material: The Influence of Declining Air Lead Levels on Blood Lead–Air Lead Slope Factors in Children
متن کامل
Assessment of exposure to lead through air and biological monitoring in a lead and zinc mine
Background and aim: Lead is ubiquitous and one of the earliest metals discovered by the human. This metal is widely used in different industries due to its important physico-chemical properties like softness, high malleability, ductility, low melting point and resistance to corrosion. Lead absorbed in body with several routs and when transfer in blood is primarily in red blood cells. Human exp...
متن کاملتعیین میانگین سطح سرب مایع مغزی- نخاعی کودکان مبتلا به تشنج ایدیوپاتیک
Background: Convulsion is one of the common cause of hospital admission in children. Idiopathic seizure is when no anatomic, electrolytic, metabolic or hemorrhagic causes are found. Recently, lead poisoning, which is considered when serum lead levels are higher than the normal levels (previously 10 ;mug/dl changed to 5 ;mug/dl). Even lower levels of lead inflict harmful consequences in central ...
متن کاملEvaluation of Blood Lead Levels in Iranian Children: A Systematic Review
Background and Objectives: Exposure to lead and its effects on children's health is one of the most important and widespread concerns of human societies today. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic study was to evaluate blood lead levels in Iranian children. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Iran Med...
متن کاملبررسی مقادیر سرب خون و خطر مسمومیت با آن در کارکنان کارخانه‌ی ذوب روی دندی زنجان
Background and Objective: Environmental pollutions that affect human health are one of the important worries related to heavy metals production. Our objective of this study was to investigate the blood lead levels in workers of Zinc melting factory of Dandi Zanjan and to compare its level with healthy men who were living around the factory. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 4...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره 122 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2014